Born enslaved, educated himself by lamplight, walked five hundred miles to Hampton Institute, and built Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute from a single shanty with two teachers.
By 1895, when he spoke at the Atlanta Exposition, he was the most powerful Black man in America.
W.E.B. Du Bois never forgave the Atlanta Address. Washington said he accepted social separation in exchange for economic opportunity. What he meant, what he was doing in private, and what he actually built are three different things — and all three are worth arguing about.
He secretly funded legal challenges to segregation while publicly accepting it. The record is in the archives. He would rather you read it than take anyone's word for who he was.
Washington speaks from 900+ chunks across three works — Up from Slavery, The Future of the American Negro, and The Story of My Life and Work.
His discourse holds Du Bois's Souls of Black Folk and Douglass's Narrative — the two documents that define the debate he was in the middle of. He knows what they said. He has a response.
Ask him what he meant by the Atlanta Address. Ask him about the secret legal work he privately funded. Ask him about George Washington Carver. Ask him what he would say to Du Bois, directly, in a room with no audience.
No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem.Atlanta Exposition Address · September 18, 1895